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气体爆炸风险辨识及防控平台的构建设想

时间:2022-12-26 20:50:03 疫情防控 来源:网友投稿

zoޛ)j首总结了国内外常用的各种气体爆炸性判定方法,在此基础上分析了各种方法的优缺点。结合现代化安全生产的要求,可以发现未来技术的发展趋势一定向监测实时物联化、数据判断智能化、决策支持科学化的方向发展。针对目前现有各种技术发展的离散化局面,提出了以“实时监测-科学预测-智能决策”为核心思路的气体爆炸风险辨识及防控平台的构建设想。可以在提高企业生产安全工作集约化程度的同时,提升安全管理水平、同时保障事故发生时的应急救援效果,具备广阔的应用前景。

关键词:可燃可爆性气体;气体爆炸事故;气体爆炸性判定;气体爆炸事故风险辨识及防控;集约化;应急救援

中图分类号:X 932 文献标志码:A

DOI:10.13800/j.cnki.xakjdxxb.2019.0303 文章编号:1672-9315(2019)03-0395-10

Abstract:A large amount of flammable and explosive gases are managed and used in many Chinese industrial fields including mining industry,chemical industry,civil industry,et al.The explosive gases now become the No.1 safety threat to companies who deal with such gases.Once they are out of control or explode,serious consequences would be expected.Therefore,the explosion risk determination and prediction of flammable and explosive gases have always been the key tasks for company safe productions.This paper summarized various combustible gas explosion determination methods extensively used home and abroad.On the basis of that,the advantages and disadvantages of such methods were analyzed.Combining with requirements by modern safe production tasks,we can find that the development trend must apply such technologies,the real-time IOT (Internet of Things) monitoring,intelligent data judgments and scientific decision-making supports.Aiming at the discretization situation of various existing technologies developed so far,this paper proposed a framework of gas explosion risk identification and pre-control platform under the core idea of “real-time monitoring,scientific prediction and intelligent decision-making”.Such platform can not only enhance the intensity of production safety work in companies,but also improve the safety management level.The efficiency of emergency rescue in accidents can be guaranteed as well.It has a broad applicable prospect in the future.

Key words:flammable and explosive gases;gas explosion accidents;gas explosion determination;gas explosion accident risk identification and pre-control platform;intensification;emergency rescue

0 引 言

國民生产中许多行业,如矿业、化工业及民用燃气等领域中,涉及到大量可燃可爆性气体的管理与使用。而其作为危险企业安全生产的重要危险源,其一旦失控扩散、进而造成爆炸事故则会造成群死群伤重大伤亡事故,社会影响极其恶劣。在矿业领域中,1950—2016年的统计数据表明:瓦斯(煤尘)爆炸事故共有200多起,是其他类型安全事故总数7倍以上,同时也煤矿特大事故发生的首要原因,其死亡人数总数高达12 000多人[1];在化工行业:2018年统计的我国化工较大及以上事故中,涉及到可燃可爆气体的爆炸事故共有7起,占当年化工行业安全事故总起数的53.85%,全年共造成55人死亡,死亡认识总人数61.80%[2];在民生行业中,来自2011—2014年的统计数据表明:我国民用燃气爆炸事故总起数为1 452起,占全部事故的比重为43.27%.近年来民用燃气事故呈现上升趋势,单单在2018年的上半年,该类事故在室内总燃气事故中的比例突破了70%以上[3-4]。从以上数据可看出,矿业、化工及民用燃气等行业生产或者消费过程中往往会涉及到易燃易爆气体,且由于生产装置趋向大型化,一旦发生事故,波及面很大,对人民生命财产安全造成巨大威胁。因此,在众多涉及到气体爆炸事故行业中,对气体的预防及控制技术研发有着极为广泛的需求。然后如何构建可燃可爆气体的有效监测,事故发生的提前识别与预防,事故发生后又如何对其扩散、或是有效救灾的方案的优化选择等融为一体的防控平台又是当前企业安全生产工作的难点。

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