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摘 要：为探究在不同冲击波和破片复合荷载作用下混凝土空心砌块填充墙的损伤特征和防护技术，通过ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了混凝土空心砌块填充墙各部件、破片和炸药的模型，得到了比例距离、破片尺寸、起爆点对墙体的位移响应的影响以及在聚脲弹性体与钢丝网共同加固条件下墙体所能承受的极限炸药质量和较为经济的防护厚度. 结果表明：通过与试验对比验证，本文的研究方法是可靠的;在近爆冲击波和破片复合作用的条件下，比例距离不能作为判定墙体受损严重程度的依据;同等质量下，减小破片尺寸使墙体破坏加重;改变起爆点对墙体破坏程度的影响微弱;在增加防护后，墙体抗爆性能明显加强，采用5 mm聚脲弹性体和钢丝网加固的墙体在炸药距离1.2 m时的能够抵抗的等效TNT炸药质量在8.296 kg和11.376 kg之间;当炸药距离为1.2 m，等效TNT炸药质量为2.456 8 kg时，较为经济的防护手段是聚脲弹性体厚度和钢丝网钢丝直径均为3 mm. 本文成果可为混凝土空心砌块填充墙抗爆性能及其防爆技术的研究提供重要参考.
关键词：冲击波;破片;混凝土空心砌块墙;数值分析;变形;防护
中图分类號：TU318 文献标识码：A
Study on Protection Technology of Concrete Hollow Block Wall Subjected
to Combined Effects of Close Blast Shock Waves and Fragments
TIAN Li1，2，WANG Ruochen1
（1. School of Civil Engineering，Tianjin University，Tianjin 300350，China;
2. Key Laboratory of Coast Civil Structure Safty of Ministry of Education，Tianjin University，Tianjin 300350，China ）
Abstract： In order to explore the failure rule and protection technology of masoy walls under the combined effects of blast and fragment loading， the finite element program ANSYS/LS-DYNA was used to establish the model of masoy walls， fragments and explosives. The effects of the scaled distance， fragments size and initiation points on the displacement response of masoy walls were obtained. Both the ultimate load produced by explosive that the masoy walls can resist and the economical protective method of masoy walls under the protection of polyurea elastomer and steel mesh were obtained. The results show that the research method was reliable according to the comparison between the test results and simulation results. The scaled distance cannot be used to judge the damage severity of masoy walls under the blast and fragments loading. Decreasing the size of fragments can increase the damage of masoy walls in the same condition of fragments quality. The effect of different initiation points on the damage level of masoy walls was weak. The protection of polyurea elastomer and steel mesh can improve the blast resistance of masoy walls. When the distance from explosion was 1.2 m， the masoy wall protected by 5 mm polyurea elastomer and steel mesh can carry the load produced by the quality of equivalent TNT explosive between 8.296 kg and 11.376 kg. When the distance from explosion was 1.2 m and the equivalent TNT explosive quality was 2.4568 kg， 3 mm polyurea elastomer and steel mesh were the economical protective measure. The results can provide references for masoy walls anti-explosion theory and protection technology.
