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振动法缓解正畸治疗儿童患者复诊加力后疼痛的有效性分析

时间:2022-12-04 10:00:06 公文范文 来源:网友投稿

医师的关注。

目前临床上已有多种控制正畸疼痛的方法,如:低水平激光治疗[13-14],是一种非入侵性的廉价技术,且无明显不良反应[15],但该方法的疗效会逐渐减退,容易受到患者主观效應和激光性质的影响;非甾体抗炎药,可以减轻炎症反应、减少骨吸收,能够有效抑制正畸加力后的畸形炎症反应,从而减轻正畸治疗时的疼痛[16],虽然药物镇痛效果较好,但许多患儿家长不愿接受通过非甾体抗炎药来治疗正畸疼痛,主要原因是胃肠道反应和消化不良,且长期服用可能发生肝、肾损害等不良反应。所以振动法作为一种非药物、非侵入性的治疗方法逐渐受到关注。本研究发现,接受振动法治疗的患儿在治疗2h、1d、2d、4d后VAS评分和MDAS评分均显著低于未接受振动法治疗的患儿,差异均有统计学意义。结果提示,振动法治疗对复诊加力的正畸治疗儿童有缓解疼痛和改善焦虑的作用。

细胞因子是由机体的免疫和非免疫细胞合成和分泌的一类小分子多肽类物质,可直接或间接地作用于机体伤害性感受器,从而使机体感到疼痛。细胞因子以白细胞介素-8、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-1、白细胞介素-10等多见,前列腺素也是重要的致痛、致炎介质,能产生广泛持久的致痛作用[17]。有研究显示[18],振动刺激能够降低白细胞介素-1的分泌,这可能是振动法减轻正畸治疗患者疼痛的原理之一。国际疼痛研究会分类学分会将疼痛定义为:“一种不愉快的感觉及情绪体验,与实际发生和可能发生的组织损害有关或被描述为这种损害”。由此可见疼痛是一种主观心理状态,不仅是有害刺激引起的身体反应,还是一种复杂的主观感受,能够不可避免地引起个体的情绪反应。大量消极情绪伴随疼痛产生,其中焦虑最具代表性[19]。焦虑是个体面对压力时的普遍反应,当个体的身体功能或生活质量严重受损时就有可能诱发焦虑,同时焦虑也可能是导致疼痛的重要因素,焦虑者对疼痛更加敏感,从而导致其疼痛水平上升。研究表明,牙科疾病引起的牙科焦虑症十分常见[20]。牙科焦虑症是指患者对牙科诊治过程中或某些环节所持有的焦虑、紧张或害怕的心理状态以及行为学上表现为敏感性增高、耐受性降低,甚至逃避治疗的现象[21]。综合分析,振动法在减轻正畸治疗患儿疼痛的同时,能够改善因疼痛引起的焦虑,改善患儿情绪。

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[收稿日期]2019-01-05

本文引用格式:鄧溪川,曾翠敏,沈悦,等.振动法缓解正畸治疗儿童患者复诊加力后疼痛的有效性分析[J].中国美容医学,2019,28(9):129-131.

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